Angklung Instrument

The word *angklung* originates from the Sundanese language, specifically from "angkleung-angkleung," which refers to the swaying movement of players following the rhythm. Meanwhile, "klung" represents the distinct musical tone produced by this traditional instrument.

Each note is created by bamboo tubes of varying sizes. When shaken, these tubes produce a melodious and pleasing sound. Because of this, a complete melody is achieved only when angklung is played collectively, with each player responsible for a specific note or rhythm.

Angklung is traditionally crafted using black bamboo (*Awi wulung*) or yellowish-white dried bamboo (*Awi temen*), both known for their resonant acoustic properties. The instrument is assembled by binding 2 to 4 bamboo tubes of different lengths together using rattan, forming a single unit that produces harmonic tones when shaken.

How to Play the Angklung

Playing the angklung is simple and accessible to all ages. The musician holds the frame (upper part) of the angklung and shakes the lower portion to produce sound. There are three fundamental techniques used in angklung performance:

1. Kerulung (Vibration)
   This is the most basic and commonly used technique. The player holds the base of the bamboo tubes and shakes them rhythmically from side to side, producing a continuous vibrating sound while maintaining the beat.
2. Centok (Snap)
   In this technique, the tube is quickly pulled with the fingers toward the palm, creating a single, sharp, percussive sound—ideal for accent notes in a musical phrase.
3. Tengkep (Mute)
   Here, the player vibrates one tube while simultaneously holding down another to prevent it from resonating. This allows only one note to sound, giving greater control over melody and harmony.

Types of Angklung

Throughout history, various regions across Indonesia have developed unique variations of the angklung. Below are some notable types:

1. Angklung Kanekes
   Originating from the Baduy people, this angklung is used exclusively during rice planting ceremonies. Only members of the inner Baduy community are permitted to craft these sacred instruments, preserving their cultural and spiritual significance.
2. Angklung Reog
   Used to accompany the Reog Ponorogo dance in East Java, this variant produces a louder, more powerful sound compared to traditional angklung. It typically features only two tones and is often used decoratively. Also known as *klong kluk*, it plays a vital role in the dramatic energy of the Reog performance.
3. Angklung Dogdog Lojor
   Part of a traditional ritual honoring rice plants, this angklung is performed only during the Dogdog Lojor ceremony. Practiced annually by the Kasepuhan Pancer Pangawinan or the Banten Kidul customary community, the ensemble consists of six performers: two playing Dogdog Lojor angklung and four handling larger angklung instruments.
4. Angklung Badeng
   Hailing from Garut, West Java, Angklung Badeng was originally used in rice planting rituals. With the spread of Islam in the region, its function evolved into a musical accompaniment for religious preaching (*dakwah*). A full ensemble requires nine instruments: two roel angklung, one kecer, four indung, two anak, two dogdog, and two gembyung—each contributing to the spiritual and rhythmic depth of the performance.
5. Angklung Padaeng
   Introduced by Daeng Soetigna in 1938, this revolutionary version features diatonic tuning, allowing it to harmonize with modern and international musical instruments. By modifying the bamboo structure, Soetigna enabled the angklung to be used in broader musical contexts beyond traditional ceremonies.

Daeng Soetigna’s vision—known as *Nawacita*—was carried forward by Handiman Diratmasasmita, who refined the diatonic angklung for greater precision and global compatibility. His goal was to elevate the angklung to the same status as internationally recognized musical instruments. Another key figure in popularizing the angklung is Udjo Ngalegena, whose dedication helped bring this traditional art to schools, communities, and global audiences.

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